Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (CMVSS) 114, also known as the Theft Protection and Rollaway Prevention standard, regulates the use of immobilization systems in vehicles to reduce theft and the risk of accidental rollaway. The standard applies to vehicles that are manufactured or imported into Canada after 2007, including:
- Passenger cars
- Three-wheeled vehicles
- Multi-purpose passenger vehicles
- Trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kg or less, with the exception of walk-in vans
The standard requires that vehicles have an immobilization system that meets one of four options listed in CMVSS 114. The system must include:
- A key-locking mechanism that prevents the vehicle from starting and locks the steering, transmission, or both
- A warning signal if the key is left in the ignition and the driver's door is opened
The proposed performance criteria for immobilizers included specifications for when the immobilizer should arm after the disarming device is removed from the vehicle. The performance criteria state that, when armed, the immobilizer should prevent the vehicle from moving more than three meters under its own power by inhibiting the operation of at least one of the vehicle's electronic control units (ECU). Further, the performance criteria state that, when armed, the immobilizer should not disable the vehicle's brake system. During the disarming process, the immobilizer should send a code to the inhibited ECU to allow the vehicle to move under its own power. The immobilizer should be configured so that disrupting the device's normal operating voltage cannot disarm the immobilizer. Additionally, the immobilizer must have a minimum capacity for 50,000 code variants and shall not be capable of processing more than 5,000 codes within 24 hours unless the immobilizer uses rolling or encrypted codes. The performance criteria state that it shall not be possible to replace the immobilizer without the use of software. In order to satisfy the performance criteria, the immobilizer in a vehicle must be designed so that it is not possible to disarm it using common tools within five minutes.
